西安市二环内表层土壤重金属污染评价

采用3S技术相结合的方法在西安二环内采集城市表层土壤样品78个,利用X-Ray荧光分析仪(XRF)测定土壤样品中Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、V等8种重金属元素的含量,将其与其他城市相比较,在此基础上进行污染评价。结果表明:西安二环内表层土壤中重金属Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、V的平均值分别为19.32、81.10、54.27、671.50、34.46、59.69、186.17、85.20mg.kg-1,均高于陕西省土壤背景值。西安二环内表层土壤中8种重金属综合污染水平属于中度污染。其中,56.41%的采样点为轻度污染,29.49%的采样点为中度污染,14.10%的采样点为重度污染。不同重金属元素呈现出不同的污染水平,Mn、Ni和V基本无污染累积,Co、Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr均有不同程度的污染,主要与工业生产、交通等人类活动有关。     

不同污染条件下绿化树种对大气二氧化硫吸收积累能力的研究

采用HNO3-HClO4消煮、BaSO4比浊法测定了徐州市污染区和相对清洁区13种树种叶片中的含硫量,通过单因素方差分析和系统聚类分析,比较了各树种间对大气SO2吸收积累能力的差异性,以期筛选出对SO2净化能力强的树种,为未来徐州市城区绿化结构调整与改造提供科学依据。结果表明:在同一污染条件下,各树种对SO2的吸收积累能力普遍存在极显著差异,随着大气SO2污染的加重,差异越显著;同种树种在不同污染条件下对SO2的吸收积累能力普遍存在极显著差异;女贞对大气SO2具有很强的吸收积累能力,意大利杨、法国梧桐和雪松对大气SO2具有很强的吸收积累的潜在能力,女贞、意大利杨、法国梧桐和雪松是用于净化大气SO2的理想树种。针叶树种对SO2的吸收积累能力普遍弱于阔叶树种。     

哈尔滨交通干道两侧土壤重金属潜在生态危害评价

以哈尔滨市公滨路、香成路、哈-腰堡路3条交通干道两侧的土壤为主要研究对象,用原子吸收光谱法分析土壤中重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni含量,采用松嫩平原土壤重金属背景值作为参比值,应用地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害评价法对重金属污染进行评价,以研究公路交通引起的土壤中重金属污染以及潜在的生态危害。结果表明:研究区土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni的含量显著高于背景值。Cd和Pb为中等污染,土壤对重金属元素的污染程度:ZnPbCdCrNiCu。污染源主要为机动车燃料、轮胎、机械中所含微量重金属成分。     

有机基质对番茄穴盘苗生长及根系形态的影响

以腐熟菇渣与等量牛粪混配作为有机基质,常规草炭基质为对照,研究了有机基质对番茄穴盘苗生长及根系形态的影响.试验结果表明,有机基质培育的番茄幼苗茎秆粗壮,植株鲜质量及干质量均显著高于对照处理;与对照相比,叶片叶绿素a含量、根冠比及壮苗指数均显著增大.另外,有机基质还显著促进了番茄幼苗根系的伸长,根系表面积、根系投影面积以及根系体积显著增大,根尖数目显著增加.随着根系直径范围的增加,有机基质培育的番茄幼苗根系总长度及总体积均呈现出逐渐减小的趋势;总表面积及总投影面积均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,在0.2~0.4 mm直径范围内达到峰值.综合认为,本试验条件下的有机基质配方适宜于番茄幼苗的生长,可培育出性状优良的番茄幼苗.     

干鸡粪在子莲栽培中的应用试验

采用有机产品标准允许使用的干鸡粪对子莲栽培进行施肥试验。试验结果表明,子莲施用干鸡粪,对子莲物候期如始蕾期、始花期等无明显影响,但有效蓬数减少,籽粒较常规栽培小,产量降低。施肥量增至4 000 kg/667 m2时,上述指标可接近常规施肥栽培水平。     

大气污染条件下马尾松针叶营养元素变化的研究*

大气污染条件下马尾松针叶营养元素变化的研究张萍，杨光滢，李柏忠关键词大气污染，马尾松，营养元素大气污染条件下森林衰亡的研究，自７０年代中期以来为国内外学者所重视［１～３］；对酸性降水与马尾松林衰亡的研究指出，酸雨、酸雾等酸性降水，加上ＳＯ２等酸性干沉...     

5种牧草中铅、铬、锌、铜、铁、锰重金属污染的分析

 论文测定了陕西关中地区塿土紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa- Linn.）、白三叶(Trifolium repens- Linn.)、菊苣(Cichorium endivia- Linn.)、大麦(Hordeum vulgare Linn.)和无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis-Leyss.)地上部与根部铅、铬、锌、铜、铁、锰5种重金属元素的含量,评价了参试牧草对各种重金属的转运能力和饲草的安全性。结果表明：（1）5种牧草根部对所测六种重金属元素的吸收转运能力不同,对铅、铁、锰、锌、铜、铬的吸收能力有禾本科强于豆科的趋势;（2）白三叶对于铁,铜和菊苣对于猛、锌、铜的转运系数大于1,分别为1.70、2.55、1.57,属富积型植物;（3）菊苣的铅含量与种牧草的铬含量均已超过饲料标准;菊苣和大麦作为人类的蔬菜和粮食均已超过相应标准,但作为饲料基本接近相应标准。     

Salt marshes – present functioning and future change

Salt marshes are no longer viewed as intertidal wastelands of little value to anyone. They are now widely recognised as playing a major role in coastal defence, in wildlife conservation on the coast and as a key source of organic material and nutrients vitally important for a wide range of marine communities. This appreciation of the importance of salt marshes has been brought even more sharply into focus because of the threats posed by predicted rise in sea level as a result of global climatic change. Three decades ago the possibilities of exchanges of organic matter between salt marshes and the sea were already being recognised in certain areas but it is only in the past five years or so that this process has been studied in a wide range of different areas. Detailed studies have been made into the way that salt marsh fluxes change with the development of increasingly mature and, therefore, increasingly complex salt marsh communities. As well as being sources and sinks of mineral nutrients and organic matter, salt marshes can also function as a sink for pollutants that would otherwise be damaging to the environment. Salt marshes also act as a sink for sediment within coastal ecosystems. Through their various functions they can be seen to be acting as dynamic living filters for various ecologically important materials. With increasing threats to the survival of salt marshes as a result of man's activities in the coastal zone being augmented by the threats from predicted sea level rise, a new approach to salt marsh conservation has come to the fore and that is the actual creation of new salt marshes. For this process to be fully effective we have to make full use of our increased understanding of salt marsh structure and function. Following a review of the current state of the art in the field of salt marsh research, an assessment is made of specific future research needs. Despite the greatly increased effort which has been directed to salt marsh research over the past few years we still have to recognise that resources are limited and, therefore, critical evaluations of the various options regarding the direction of our future efforts need to be made.     

基于物元可拓模型的黄河兰州段突发水污染安全评价

[目的]科学评价黄河流域突发水污染安全等级,为提高黄河流域突发水污染事件应急响应能力提供参考.[方法]基于科学性、整体性、数据可获得性等原则,通过PSR模型遴选16个与黄河兰州段相关指标构建评价指标体系,并以黄河兰州段2014-2019年数据为基础,采用GRA-PCA组合确定指标权重,运用物元可拓模型得到其突发水污染安...     

金荞麦和玉米混合青贮对其营养成分和发酵品质的影响

将初花期金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don)Hara.)与青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)按比例混合青贮,通过感官评价、营养成分分析和有机酸含量比较,探究两者的最佳青贮混合比例。试验设金荞麦与青贮玉米混合的比例共6组,分别为100:0(CK),10:90(A),30:70(B),50:50(C),70:30(D)和90:10(E),青贮40天后开封检测。结果表明:随着金荞麦比例的增加,青贮饲料感官品质下降,pH显著升高(P0.05),粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙、磷的含量均显著提高(P0.05),粗脂肪、干物质含量显著下降(P0.05)。通过对青贮饲料有机酸含量进行评价,其变化情况与感官评价及pH变化一致,即金荞麦比例越高,评价得分越低。综合考虑,青贮饲料中金荞麦比例不宜过高,从金荞麦利用最大化角度出发,以B组比例青贮为佳。